Cervical Cancer

Worldwide, cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women; it is estimated that 470,000 new cases arise each year and that cervical cancer causes over 233,000 deaths per year. Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are believed to be the primary viruses causing pre‐neoplastic and malignant lesions of the uterine cervix[1]. High-risk HPV DNA is found in almost all cervical cancers[1].

The Pap smear has been the main technique used for cervical screening resulting in an impressive decrease in deaths from cervical cancer[2]. However, the Pap smear has important disadvantages, such as a high false negative rate resulting in a low sensitivity[1].

One of the current challenges is to identify accurate biomarkers for the detection and diagnosis of cervical carcinoma and its malignant precursors. Biomarkers that can correctly predict outcomes might play a major role in clinical decision making[1], improving screening, detection, diagnosis, treatment monitoring, prognostic evaluation and prediction of recurrence of cervical cancer.

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References

1. Yim, E.K. and J.S. Park, Biomarkers in cervical cancer. Biomark Insights, 2007. 1: p. 215-25.
2. Sahasrabuddhe, V.V., P. Luhn, and N. Wentzensen, Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer: biomarkers for improved prevention efforts. Future Microbiol, 2011. 6(9): p. 1083-98.