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Macro163™

Detection of inflammation and bacterial sepsis

Soluble CD163 ELISA assay for measuring Macrophage and Monocyte Activation

Key benefits

  • Analyze soluble CD163 levels in serum and plasma
  • Complete ELISA kit
  • Standardized and quantitative
  • Based on the two most published soluble CD163 ELISA protocols

Features

  • Assay completed within 4 hours
  • Use of fully characterized recombinant CD163 protein as standard
  • Only 10 uL of sample is needed
  • Pre-coated ELISA plates

Applications

  • Detection and monitoring of macrophage activation syndromes
  • Detection of myeloproliferative diseases and hemophagocytic syndrome
  • Risk-marker in low-grade inflammatory states
  • Prognostic marker in sepsis and liver-disease
  • Monitoring of sepsis combined with leukocyte CD163 and CD64 expression
  • Association with post-infectious recovery phase and declining inflammation

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Information

Introduction

CD163 is a membrane protein and member of the group B Scavenger Receptor Cysteine-Rich super family specifically expressed on peripheral blood monocytes and macrophages. A particularly high expression is seen in macrophages of the ‘alternative activation’ phenotype playing a major role in dampening the inflammatory response and in scavenging components of damaged cells.
CD163 functions as the receptor for Haptoglobin-hemoglobin complexes, and furthermore CD163 is involved in the regulation of inflammation.

Macrophages play a central role in the host response to infection and tissue damage, and are furthermore important in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and cancer.

Measurement of sCD163 may be a valuable marker in diseases with macrophage and/or monocyte involvement, such as macrophage activation syndromes (e.g. hemophagocytic syndrome), infections, liver disease, auto-immune disease, atherosclerosis and cancer. Additionally, CD163 positive macrophages constitute a mayor cell subpopulation in human term placenta suggesting a role for the placenta functioning as an active immunosuppressive biological barrier between mother and fetus.

Principle of Macro163™

The assay is based on the principle of the sandwich ELISA. A polyclonal antibody recognizing CD163 is immobilized on the surface of a microtiterplate.

After incubation with the sample or recombinant CD163 standard a second biotinylated monoclonal antibody recognizing CD163 is added. Detection of the latter is done by adding streptavidin-HRP. Using TMB (3, 3’, 5, 5’-tetramethylbenzidine) as substrate for the enzyme HRP, the amount of sCD163 protein can be quantified.

Intended use

  • This Macro163™ kit is intended for the quantification of soluble CD163 (sCD163) in serum or plasma samples.
  • The Macro163™ assay has been validated for serum and plasma measurements but can also be applied to other biological fluids like synovial fluid, ascites fluid, pleural fluid, cerebrospinal fluid and cell-supernatants.
  • Designed for research purposes only.

References

General information about CD163

Moestrup et al., CD163: a regulated hemoglobin scavenger receptor with a role in the anti‐inflammatory response (2004).

Møller et al., Monitoring macrophage activation by soluble CD163 in plasma (2008).

Weiss et al., Soluble CD163: An age-dependent, anti-inflammatory biomarker predicting outcome in sepsis (2006).

Skytthe et al., Targeting of CD163+ Macrophages in Inflammatory and Malignant Diseases (2020)

 

Product specific references

Le Hingrat et al, Prolonged experimental CD4+ T-cell depletion does not cause disease progression in SIV-infected African green monkeys (2023)

Harper et al., Interleukin-10 contributes to reservoir establishment and persistence in SIV-infected macaques treated with antiretroviral therapy (2022).

Vitalle et al., altered expression of CD300a inhibitory receptor on CD4+ T cells from human immunodeficiency virus-1-infected patients: association with disease progression markers (2018).

Hearps et al., Persistence of activated and adaptive-like NK cells in HIV+ individuals despite 2 Years of suppressive combination antiretroviral Therapy (2017).

Ananworanich et al., . Soluble CD163 and monocyte populations in response to antiretroviral therapy and in relationship with neuropsychological testing among HIV-infected children (2015).

O’Halloran et al., The effect of initiation of antiretroviral therapy on monocyte, endothelial and platelet function in HIV-1 infection (2015).

Schaer et al., Soluble hemoglobin–haptoglobin scavenger receptor CD163 as a lineage-specific marker in the reactive hemophagocytic syndrome (2014).

Torres et al., Protease inhibitor monotherapy is associated with a higher level of monocyte activation, bacterial translocation and inflammation (2014).

Burdo et al., Elevated sCD163 in plasma but not cerebrospinal fluid is a marker of neurocognitive impairment in HIV infection (2013).

Martin et al., Age-associated changes in monocyte and innate immune activation markers occur more rapidly in HIV infected women (2013).

Jude et al., Soluble CD163 serum levels are elevated and correlated with IL-12 and CXCL10 in patients with long-standing rheumatoid arthritis (2012).

Su et al., Diagnostic value of urine sCD163 levels for sepsis and relevant acute kidney injury: a prospective study (2012)

Galea et al., The intrathecal CD163-haptoglobin-hemoglobin scavenging system in subarachnoid hemorrhage (2012).

Burdo et al., Soluble CD163 made by monocyte/macrophages is a novel marker of HIV activity in early and chronic infection prior to and after anti-retroviral therapy (2010).

Kolackova et al., Serum level of sCD163, a soluble receptor for hemoglobin, is influenced by cardiac surgery (2009).

Shakeri-Manesch et al., Diminished upregulation of visceral adipose heme oxygenase-1 correlates with waist-to-hip ratio and insulin resistance (2009).

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